The integration of an M/S encoder and decoder into a compressor generates new potentials that classic linked stereo compressors can hardly offer. To decode an M/S signal back into stereo again, M is added to S for the left channel and S is subtracted from M for the right channel: To create M/S signals, the left and right channel of the stereo sum are added to generate the mid (M), whereas the side (S) is created by subtracting the right from the left channel: FM radio stations use M/S technology for transmitting stereo signals exactly for this reason. The main advantage of this technology is its mono compatibility. This technique uses a microphone with cardioid pattern for the middle signal (M) and another one with bi-directional pattern with an offset of 90° for the side signal (S). M/S technology is commonly known as a variant of stereo microphoning.
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